생화학분자생물학회

	Henner Farin( Farin@gsh.uni-frankfurt.de )
	2021-present	Tenured group leader at Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy Frankfurt, Germany
	2014 – 2021	DKTK Junior research group leader at the Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
	2010 – 2014	Postdoctoral researcher in the laboratory of Prof. H. Clevers at the Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
	2005 – 2009	PhD thesis in the laboratory of Prof. A. Kispert), Hannover Medical School), Germany
	1999 – 2005	Studies in Biology at the University of Hannover at the Universities of Hannover, Germany and Toulouse, France

Strategies for genetic manipulation of adult stem cell-derived organoids.

Organoid technology allows the expansion of primary epithelial cells from normal and diseased tissues, providing a unique model for human (patho)biology. In a three-dimensional environment, adult stem cells self-organize and differentiate to gain tissue-specific features. Accessibility to genetic manipulation enables the investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying cell fate regulation, cell differentiation and cell interactions. In recent years, powerful methodologies using lentiviral transgenesis, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, and single-cell readouts have been developed to study gene function and carry out genetic screens in organoids. However, the multicellularity and dynamic nature of stem cell-derived organoids also present challenges for genetic experimentation. In this review, we focus on adult gastrointestinal organoids and summarize the state-of-the-art protocols for successful transgenesis. We provide an outlook on emerging genetic techniques that could further increase the applicability of organoids and enhance the potential of organoid-based techniques to deepen our understanding of gene function in tissue biology.

Exp Mol Med 53, 1483–1494 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-021-00609-8
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34663937/